INSIDE THE MIND AND MORALS: A GENRE-BASED STUDY OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE’S LITERARY CRAFT

Abstract

Nathaniel Hawthorne, a leading figure in 19th-century American literature, used fiction as a
means of exploring moral complexity, psychological conflict, and the long-lasting effects of
history and sin. This article provides an in-depth overview of the five major genres Hawthorne
engaged with in his work: Gothic fiction, Dark Romanticism, Symbolism, Psychological fiction,
and Historical fiction. Each genre served as a literary tool for Hawthorne to probe the duality of
human nature, the consequences of hidden guilt, and the impact of societal expectations. By
combining these genres, Hawthorne created timeless literature that continues to resonate with
modern readers. His work reflects not only a mastery of literary form but also a deep philosophical
engagement with the darker aspects of the human condition.