ADVANCES IN PRECISION MEDICINE FOR DIABETES MELLITUS: GENETIC AND HORMONAL APPROACHES

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder that
remains one of the most pressing global health challenges. Traditional management
strategies, while effective in controlling hyperglycemia, often fail to address the
underlying genetic and hormonal mechanisms that drive disease progression and
individual variability in treatment response. Precision medicine offers new
opportunities by integrating genetic, hormonal, and molecular profiling to
personalize prevention, diagnosis, and therapy in diabetes care.