SEVERE ANEMIA: ETIOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Severe anemia is a complex hematological condition characterized by
markedly reduced hemoglobin concentration or red blood cell count, leading to
decreased oxygen delivery to tissues. As a major global health concern, severe
anemia significantly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality, particularly
among vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, children, and individuals
with chronic diseases. This article analyzes the etiology, pathophysiological
mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, treatment strategies,
and public health implications of severe anemia. The review highlights the multifactorial
nature of the disease and underscores the importance of integrated
prevention, early diagnosis, and appropriate therapeutic interventions to reduce its
global burden.