Clinical Effectiveness of Modern Clear Aligners in Comparison with Conventional Fixed Braces

Abstract

Dental crowding is a prevalent malocclusion affecting both adolescents and adults worldwide. It arises when there is insufficient space in the dental arch for proper alignment of teeth, leading to overlapping, rotations, or displacement. The etiology of dental crowding is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, jawtooth size discrepancy, early loss of primary teeth, abnormal eruption patterns, and certain environmental or behavioral factors. Beyond its aesthetic implications, crowding may contribute to functional disturbances, such as occlusal disharmony, temporomandibular joint disorders, and compromised periodontal health. Malaligned teeth create niches that favor plaque accumulation, increasing the risk of caries, gingivitis, and enamel demineralization. Furthermore, dental crowding can have psychological and social impacts, influencing patient self-esteem and quality of life.